黑素瘤

找到你的关怀

Whether you need ongoing treatment or want to enhance your appearance, we can help. 呼叫 310-825-2631 for medical dermatology services and 310-206-7546 for cosmetic services.

什么是黑色素瘤?

黑素瘤 is a disease of the skin in which cancer starts in the melanocytes, the cells that produce color in the skin from a pigment known as melanin. 黑素瘤 usually occurs in adults, but it may occasionally be found in children and adolescents. 黑素瘤 may also be called cutaneous melanoma or malignant melanoma. 黑素瘤 is an uncommon, but aggressive, form of 皮肤癌.

黑素瘤 is a more serious type of cancer than the more common basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Although the incidence of melanoma is lower than other types of 皮肤癌, it has the highest death rate and is responsible for most deaths from 皮肤癌.

What Causes 黑素瘤?

Anyone can develop melanoma, but people who have the following risk factors have an increased risk:

  • 金发或红发
  • 蓝色或绿色的眼睛
  • 白皙的皮肤
  • Family or personal history of melanoma
  • Many ordinary moles (more than 50)
  • 许多雀斑
  • An immunosuppressive disorder
  • Dysplastic nevi (abnormal moles)
  • 阳光照射
  • Early childhood sunburns
  • 无法晒黑
  • 晒黑床使用

Dark-brown or black skin is not a guarantee against melanoma. African Americans can develop this cancer, especially on the palms of the hands, 脚底:脚底, under nails or in the mouth.

Signs and Symptoms of 黑素瘤

黑素瘤 can develop on normal skin or from an already existing mole. It can take on a variety of shapes, colors and sizes. When checking for atypical moles and growths, you may find the ABCDEs of melanoma helpful in identifying worrisome growths:

  • 不对称: 2 sides of the mole are of different sizes and shapes
  • Border irregularity: Borders are scalloped, irregular, notched or hard to find
  • 颜色变化: Multiple colors (black, brown, red, white, blue) within the same growth
  • 直径: Larger than 6mm (size of pencil eraser) although melanoma can be smaller
  • 进化: Any growth that changes rapidly in size, shape, color

Treatment for 黑素瘤

黑素瘤 can spread quickly to other parts of the body through the lymph system or the bloodstream. Like most cancers, melanoma is best treated when it is diagnosed early.

Treatment for melanoma may be local, systemic or both:

  • Local treatments remove, destroy or control the cancer cells in one certain area. 手术 and radiation therapy are local treatments.
  • Systemic treatments are used to destroy or control cancer cells throughout the entire body. 化疗, targeted therapy and biological therapy (immunotherapy) are systemic treatments.

The treatment goals for melanoma differ depending on the patient’s individual case. At UCLA 皮肤病学, our dermatologists, 放射科医生, surgical oncologists and other specialists work together to determine a treatment plan that is right for you.

A patient may need just one or a combination of treatments. Our physicians may recommend one or more of the following:

  • 手术 to remove the melanoma while leaving as much of the surrounding skin intact as possible
  • 放射治疗 to kill cancer cells using high energy X-rays or other radioactive particles. It may be used after surgery to try to kill any remaining cancer cells or to treat melanoma that has recurred or spread.
  • 化疗 to kill tumor cells directly to shrink tumors that cannot be removed by surgery or that have spread to distant areas of the body
  • 生物治疗 (immunotherapy) such as antibody or vaccine therapy to boost the immune system to help shrink advanced melanomas.
  • 靶向治疗 using new drugs to target specific parts of melanoma cells and help shrink tumors.

皇冠hga025

For more information or to schedule an appointment, call (310) 825-6911.